USA, U.S.A. and United States, for example.
Configuration
The step reads the distinct values present in the chosen column and offers them for mapping, so you can see exactly what is there before writing rules.
To rename a column, use Rename Columns. To harmonize country names specifically, Validate Countries does it against a canonical country list instead of rules you write by hand.
Next steps
Validate Countries
Harmonize country names automatically.
Rename Columns
Rename the columns themselves.